A practical approach to MIS

Understanding the basics of computer.

computer is a system.

What is a system ?

A System is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific goal.

A computer is a programmable electronic device that can process information (data) according to instructions (programs).

it is also called a data processor.

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What is processing ?

processing refers to the act of performing a series of operations on data according to programmed instructions.

This can involve:

Calculations:

Performing mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Logical operations:

Making comparisons (greater than, less than, equal to) and following branching logic (if/then statements).

Data manipulation:

Arranging, sorting, and modifying data based on specific criteria.

Transforming data: Converting data from one format to another (e.g., text to numbers, images to compressed files).

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What is a program?

Program is a set of instructions to solve any given problem or to perform any particular task.

PDLC ( program development life cycle)

Analysis

Design

Algorithm

Flowchart

Pseudo code

Coding

Testing

Implementation

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exercise 1: write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to fine a given number is negative or positive

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Basic terms of Computer system

hardware / devices

basic characteristics

software / applications

types of software ( system and application)

extension of files

networking/ Internet / web / www/ Protocols

• Essential Skills for Practical MIS Implementation
• Understanding of Emerging Technologies (e.g., AI, Blockchain, IoT)
• Traditional Software Tools (Word Processing, Spreadsheet Applications)
• Database Management Systems (DBMS) (SQL, Example: MS Access)
• Business Intelligence (BI) Tools (Example: Power BI)

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Understanding of Emerging Technologies

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Tutorial: Fundamentals of Word Processing Software

1. Introduction to Word Processing

Word Processing Software Microsoft Word is a program used to create, edit, format, save, and print text documents.

• Google Docs
• LibreOffice Writer
• WPS Office

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2. Starting a Word Processor

• MS Word: Start → All Programs → Microsoft Office → Microsoft Word
• Google Docs: Open your browser → Go to docs.google.com → Sign in with Google Account

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3. Creating and Saving Documents

• New Document: File → New
• Save Document: File → Save / Save As
• Choose location
• Enter file name
• Choose file type (e.g., .docx, .pdf)

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4. Typing and Editing Text

• Use keyboard to type.
• Use Backspace or Delete to remove text.
• Cut (Ctrl+X), Copy (Ctrl+C), Paste (Ctrl+V) commands for editing.

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 5. Formatting Text

• Font Style: Change font from toolbar (e.g., Arial, Times New Roman)
• Font Size: Increase or decrease text size
• Bold (Ctrl+B), Italic (Ctrl+I), Underline (Ctrl+U)
• Text Color, Highlight, Capitalization options
• Paragraph alignment: Left, Center, Right, Justify

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6. Working with Paragraphs

• Line Spacing: Single, 1.5, Double
• Bullets & Numbering
• Indentation and Tab Space
• Paragraph Borders and Shading

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 7. Page Layout & Design

• Margins, Page Size, Orientation (Portrait/Landscape)
• Header and Footer
• Page Numbers
• Breaks (Page Break, Section Break)

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8. Inserting Elements

• Images / Pictures
• Tables
• Shapes / SmartArt
• Hyperlinks
• Text Boxes
• Charts

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9. Proofing Tools

• Spell Check and Grammar Check
• Word Count
• Find & Replace( CTRL+F, CTRL+H )

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10. Printing the Document

• File → Print
• Choose:
• Printer
• Number of copies
• Pages to print (All/Custom)
• Click Print

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11. Additional Features

• Track Changes for editing collaboration
• Comments for feedback
• Document Protection (password, read-only)
• Templates for resumes, letters, etc.

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                                                          Practice Exercises

1. Create a document with your biodata/resume.
2. Insert a table of your weekly schedule.
3. Add page numbers, headers, and footers.
4. Use bullets to list your hobbies.
5. Save it as both .docx and .pdf.

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Tutorial: Fundamentals of Spreadsheet Software

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1. Introduction to Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet software is a tool in which data can be managed in the form of rows and columns. In this, you can do calculations, data analysis, charts and much more.

Popular Spreadsheet Software:

• Microsoft Excel
• Google Sheets
• LibreOffice Calc
• WPS Spreadsheet

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2. Starting a Spreadsheet Program

• MS Excel: Start → All Programs → Microsoft Office → Excel
• Google Sheets: Open browser → sheets.google.com → Sign in

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3. Spreadsheet Layout

• Workbook: Complete file
• Worksheet: Individual tab inside workbook
• Rows: Horizontal lines (Numbered 1, 2, 3…)
• Columns: Vertical lines (Labeled A, B, C…)
• Cell: Intersection of row and column (e.g., A1, B2)
• Formula Bar: Displays content/formula of selected cell
• Name Box: Shows address of selected cell

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4. Entering and Editing Data

• Select any cell and start typing
• Press Enter to move down, Tab to move right
• Edit cell: Double-click or use Formula Bar
• Data types: Text, Number, Date, Time, Currency

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5. Basic Calculations and Formulas

Formulas always start with =

Task	Formula Example
Add	=A1 + B1
Subtract	=A1 - B1
Multiply	=A1 * B1
Divide	=A1 / B1
Average	=AVERAGE(A1:A5)
Sum	=SUM(A1:A5)
Maximum Value	=MAX(A1:A5)
Minimum Value	=MIN(A1:A5)

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 6. Formatting Cells

• Bold, Italic, Underline
• Cell Color & Text Color
• Cell Alignment
• Number Formatting: Currency, %, Decimal places
• Merge Cells

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7. Managing rows and columns

• Insert / Delete row or column: Right-click →insert/Delete
• Resize: Drag edges of rows/columns
• Hide / Unhide
• Freeze Panes: Keep header row/column fixed while scrolling

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8. Charts and Graphs

To visualize data:

• Select data → Insert → Choose Chart (e.g., Column, Pie, Line)
• Customize titles, legends, colors

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9. Useful Functions

• IF: =IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail")
• COUNT: =COUNT(A1:A10)
• COUNTA: Counts all non-empty cells
• VLOOKUP: Search for value vertically
• HLOOKUP: Search for value horizontally
• CONCATENATE or TEXTJOIN: Combine text

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10. Saving and Sharing

• Save As: .xlsx, .csv, .pdf
• Print: File → Print → Select area
• Google Sheets Sharing: Click “Share” → Enter email → Set permission

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11. Practice Exercises

1. Create a student marksheet with columns: Name, Math, Science, Total, Result (Pass/Fail)


2. Use SUM and IF function


3. Insert a bar chart for student marks
4. Format marks with color and borders

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Tutorial: Fundamentals of SQL (Structured Query Language)

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1. Introduction to SQL

SQL is a standard language used to work with relational databases. It is used to insert, retrieve, update, and delete (CRUD) data.

Popular RDBMS using SQL:

• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• Oracle
• SQLite
• MS SQL Server

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2. Basic SQL Commands Categories

Category	Purpose
DDL (Data Definition Language)	To create tables and define structures
DML (Data Manipulation Language)	To insert, update, or delete data
DQL (Data Query Language)	To retrieve data (select)
DCL (Data Control Language)	To set permissions (GRANT, REVOCATE)
TCL (Transaction Control Language)	To manage transactions (commit, rollback)

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3. Creating a Table (DDL)

CREATE TABLE Students (    StudentID INT PRIMARY KEY, Name VARCHAR(100), Age INT, Grade VARCHAR(5) );

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4. Inserting Data (DML)

INSERT INTO Students (StudentID, Name, Age, Grade)

VALUES (1, 'Amit', 16, 'A');

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5. Retrieving Data (DQL)

SELECT * FROM Students;                -- show all records

SELECT Name, Grade FROM Students;      -- Specific columns

SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Age > 15;

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6. Updating Data

UPDATE Students SET Grade = 'A+' WHERE StudentID = 1;

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7. Deleting Data

DELETE FROM Students

WHERE StudentID = 1;

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Practice Exercises

1. Create a table Employees with fields: ID, Name, Salary, Department


2. Insert 5 sample records
3. Select all employees whose salary > 50000


4. Update salary of an employee
5. Delete an employee from department 'HR'

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SQL Example: Student Management System

create 2 tables: 1. Students 2. Marks

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Create Tables (DDL Commands)

CREATE TABLE Students ( StudentID INT PRIMARY KEY, Name VARCHAR(100), Age INT,     Class VARCHAR(10) );

CREATE TABLE Marks ( MarkID INT PRIMARY KEY, StudentID INT, Subject VARCHAR(50),   Marks INT, FOREIGN KEY (StudentID) REFERENCES Students(StudentID));

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2. Insert Records (DML Commands)

-- Students table

INSERT INTO Students (StudentID, Name, Age, Class) VALUES

(1, 'Amit', 16, '10A'), (2, 'Neha', 15, '10A'),(3, 'Raj', 17, '10B');

 -- Marks table

INSERT INTO Marks (MarkID, StudentID, Subject, Marks) VALUES

(1, 1, 'Math', 88),(2, 1, 'Science', 92),(3, 2, 'Math', 75), (4, 2, 'Science', 80),

(5, 3, 'Math', 60),(6, 3, 'Science', 70);

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3. Show All Records (DQL – SELECT)

SELECT * FROM Students;

SELECT * FROM Marks;

Output (Students):

StudentID			Name		Age	Class
1			Amit		16	10A
2			Neha		15	10A
3			Raj		17	10B

Output (Marks):

MarkID	StudentID	Subject	Marks
1	1	Math	88
2	1	Science	92
3	2	Math	75
4	2	Science	80
5	3	Math	60
6	3	Science	70

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6. Update Record

If Raj took extra classes in science then update his marks

UPDATE Marks

SET Marks = 78

WHERE StudentID = 3 AND Subject = 'Science';

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7. Delete Record

Delete Neha's record

DELETE FROM Students

WHERE Name = 'Neha';

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